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Synthesizing symbolic models of human and machine reasoning at scale

arXiv:2611.07088v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Symbolic models offer a powerful account of cognition, but their scope has historically been limited by the need for hand-engineering and computational tractability. We show how advances in artificial intelligence (AI) can scale symbolic modeling and help overcome these engineering limitations. We introduce Behavior-Conditioned Symbolic Synthesis (BCSS)---an approach for automated search of interpretable, deterministic symbolic programs that verifiably reproduce behavior---and apply it to model both human and machine behavior across hundreds of challenging reasoning problems. Analyzing these programs reveals that both people and machines tend to oversimplify, adopt rules that are partial explanations for their observations, and misinfer dependencies between problem features. These shared signatures are modulated by available resources, with reasoning effort predicting the extent to which machines simplify and explain their observations. Together, these results point to underlying mechanisms reminiscent of satisficing in both people and machines, and illustrate how BCSS offers a general approach for interpreting and comparing rule-based reasoning of humans and black-box AI systems.

Towards Robust Long-Lived Agents: Benchmarking Experience Lifecycles in Evolving Environments

arXiv:2611.05450v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: As agents become more capable, they are moving beyond one-off tasks toward sustained assistance across successive user goals. Such assistance requires agents to discover how unfamiliar environments work, reuse what they learn across tasks, and keep that experience current as environments evolve. Existing benchmarks increasingly study experience reuse and adaptation, but provide limited insight into which parts of accumulated experience agents revise, retain, or lose. To address this gap, we introduce ReScopeBench, a benchmark for the experience lifecycle across 18 interactive environments. It distinguishes structural experience about how an environment is organized and accessed from rule experience about reusable principles and constraints that guide decisions across tasks. To study how experience is acquired, reused, and revised, we propose an experience-first construction approach. It builds task streams around shared experience and introduces silent environmental changes. We evaluate task performance and track changes in saved experience throughout each stream. Across 20 models, we find that retained experience improves task performance, but agents struggle to keep it current as environments change. Even when the required experience is correctly recorded, agents do not always complete tasks successfully. These findings identify selective maintenance and effective use as complementary challenges for long-lived agents.

Towards Automatic Heart Murmur Characterization from Multi-spot Phonocardiograms

arXiv:2611.03654v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Cardiac auscultation traditionally detects the presence of a heart murmur, but clinicians further characterize it by timing, shape, pitch, quality, and grade. Most automatic phonocardiogram analysis systems stop at binary detection and do not estimate this richer description. In this work, we formulate automatic murmur characterization as five patient-level classification tasks and compare three multi-spot strategies on recordings from the aortic, pulmonary, mitral, and tricuspid auscultation locations. First, classical and deep-learning classifiers are trained independently at each location, and predictions are combined via a maximum-severity late-fusion rule. Second, a synchronous multi-input CNN jointly processes one representative segment per location for a single task. Third, a unified multi-input, multi-output CNN predicts all five attributes from one shared multi-spot representation. Using 735 patients from the CirCor DigiScope dataset with complete four-spot recordings, the best late-fusion configurations reach an unweighted mean sensitivity between 85.56% and 93.81% across the five tasks, with class-specific recalls between 80.00% and 100.00% for every relevant category. The multi-input CNN trails late fusion by 7-16 points depending on the task, while the multi-output model reaches values between 72.59% and 79.40%, estimating all five attributes from one shared representation. We further show that naively balancing training data by adding all minority-class segments degrades patient-level performance under the maximum-severity rule, since it introduces non-representative, noisy segments not filtered by the clustering-based segment selection used for evaluation. These results indicate multi-spot murmur characterization is feasible with both fusion-based and jointly learned architectures, outlining a path toward automatic, structured murmur reports complementing binary screening.

FlatCake: A Flat KVCache Storage Architecture for LLM Serving

arXiv:2610.38355v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: KV cache reuse accelerates LLM serving, but existing systems manage host DRAM and NVMe SSD as a tiered hierarchy where DRAM acts as an intermediate cache. Production LLM workloads break both premises of this hierarchy. First, bimodal reuse defeats DRAM temporal filtering, since workloads are dominated either by one-shot blocks with long reuse distances or by multi-gigabyte agentic sessions that exceed DRAM capacity, putting SSD on the critical read path. Second, DRAM staging and eviction-ordered layout bottleneck SSD restoration. Holding host staging buffers for in-flight prefixes causes contention under load that aborts prefetches, while incremental eviction scatters a session's blocks across the SSD and prevents large sequential reads. We p

EviGround-CT: Sentence-to-Volume Grounding for Verifying LLM-Generated Chest CT Reports

arXiv:2610.33038v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Chest computed tomography (CT) reports generated by large language models (LLMs) can describe positive findings that lack localized evidence in the scan. We propose EviGround-CT to verify these findings after report generation. A deterministic extractor identifies positive finding sentences, and a 3D grounding model predicts an evidence mask for each sentence. Using the full sentence retains anatomical location, laterality, and descriptive modifiers in the grounding query. We evaluate report generation on CT-RATE, and grounding and verification on a held-out 100-case ReXGroundingCT subset. Using the available annotations, sentence-grounded verification raises evidence-supported precision (ESP) from 0.263 to 0.365 across 137 extracted in-scope

TaxoSAE: Rethinking Sparse Autoencoders through Taxonomic Logic

arXiv:2610.31894v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Recent Sparse Autoencoders (SAEs) decompose the representations of large language models (LLMs) into interpretable features, enabling precise readout and control of encoded knowledge. However, existing SAEs treat each feature as a standalone unit, whereas real-world knowledge is often taxonomically organized. As a result, readout carries no guarantee of taxonomic consistency, and control lacks the granularity to specify the scope of an edit. We propose TaxoSAE, which explicitly encodes taxonomical information, built on is-a (hypernym-hyponym) relations, into the SAE feature space. TaxoSAE mirrors a taxonomy with a stack of SAEs, one per taxonomy level, and introduces a taxonomic alignment loss that trains each concept to be active whenever on

Behaviour analysis for large language model-driven agents

arXiv:2610.32087v1 Announce Type: new Abstract: Understanding language-agent behaviour requires learning how actions are organised across a trajectory and how this organisation relates to context and outcomes. We propose a general framework that connects data-driven behavioural discovery with analysis and experimental investigation. Categories developed from recorded activity define what is measured. Analyses preserve the behaviours' positions in the process and express their relationships as interpretable hypotheses. Statistical assessment and tests in held-out contexts examine the strength and scope of the evidence. Experiments, including prompt steering, then test how behaviour and outcomes change under deliberately varied conditions. A study of iterative self-reflection illustrates how

Protegrity-PII: A new PII recognition model has been released, supporting both structured and unstructured text.

On October 24, 2026, the research team published the Protegrity-PII model on arXiv (ID 2610.30518v1), a novel decision-making model designed for identifying personally identifiable information (PII). On the new benchmark PII-SCOPE, it achieves a typological recall of 0.915 and a precision of 0.907, with an inference speed of 0.49 seconds per million characters and a cost of only $0.0005 per million characters (using a single RTX 6000 GPU in batch mode).

Why it matters：This technical report provides quantifiable performance metrics, clear hardware and cost specifications, the newly proposed benchmark PII-SCOPE, and an empirical comparison of out-of-distribution generalization capabilities, offering both research transparency and engineering reference value. Its publication date (2026-10-24) is no later than the current date (2026-10-26), making it a valid, recent achievement.