Model overview
We introduce our first-generation reasoning models, DeepSeek-R1-Zero and DeepSeek-R1. DeepSeek-R1-Zero, a model trained via large-scale reinforcement learning (RL) without supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a preliminary step, demonstrated remarkable performance on reasoning. With RL, DeepSeek-R1-Zero naturally emerged with numerous powerful and interesting reasoning behaviors. However, DeepSeek-R1-Zero encounters challenges such as endless repetition, poor readability, and language mixing. To address these issues and further enhance reasoning performance, we introduce DeepSeek-R1, which incorporates cold-start data before RL. DeepSeek-R1 achieves performance comparable to OpenAI-o1 across math, code, and reasoning tasks. To support the research community, we have open-sourced DeepSeek-R1-Zero, DeepSeek-R1, and six dense models distilled from DeepSeek-R1 based on Llama and Qwen. DeepSeek-R1-Distill-Qwen-32B outperforms OpenAI-o1-mini across various benchmarks, achieving new state-of-the-art results for dense models. **NOTE: Before running DeepSeek-R1 series models locally, we kindly recommend reviewing the Usage Recommendation section.** - We directly apply reinforcement learning (RL) to the base model without relying on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) as a preliminary step. This approach allows the model to explore chain-of-thought (CoT) for solving complex problems, resulting in the development of DeepSeek-R1-Zero. DeepSeek-R1-Zero demonstrates capabilities such as self-verification, reflection, and generating long CoTs, marking a significant milestone for the research community. Notably, it is the first open research to validate that reasoning capabilities of LLMs can be incentivized purely through RL, without the need for SFT. This breakthrough paves the way for future advancements in this area.
Key features
特点摘要待依据来源补齐，不凭模型名称推断能力。
Limitations & considerations
Sources are insufficient to establish specific limitations. Verify task performance, latency, data policies, licensing and version lifecycle.
Source prices & cost analysis
Prices vary by channel, region and configuration. Channel quotes are listed independently and are not treated as a single official provider price.
| Source / channel | Input | Output | Billing unit | Collected at |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| No verified prices yet. Check the source channel. | ||||
Estimate monthly base token costs
Estimates exclude cache discounts, tiered pricing, multimodal surcharges, web search, taxes and additional reasoning output.
Public benchmarks & run configuration
暂无已采集的可核验公开评分。模型未上榜不代表能力较低。
View full indexed rankings →Frequently asked questions
Do open weights permit free commercial use?
Not necessarily. Check the version license, commercial conditions and usage policies. Self-hosting incurs compute and maintenance costs.
Are these real-time billing prices?
These are timestamped source snapshots, not live billing prices. Check the channel for current versions, regions, discounts and billing methods.
Sources & traceability
许可证：mit。模型介绍与第三方评测均以原来源的具体版本和方法为准。